现代语言学理论综述【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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Part Ⅰ Structuralism2

Chapter 1 Saussure：Father of Modern Linguistics2

1.1 Ferdinand de Saussure2

1.2 Nature of the linguistic sign2

1.3 The relational nature of language units3

1.4 Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations4

1.5 Langue and parole6

1.6 Synchronic and diachronic studies7

1.7 Saussure's influence8

Chapter 2 American Structuralism11

2.1 Early period：Boas and Sapir12

2.1.1 Franz Boas12

2.1.2 Edward Sapir14

2.1.3 Linguistic relativity23

2.1.4 Linguistic relativity and cognitive linguistics25

2.2 Leonard Bloomfield29

2.2.1 Bloomfield the man30

2.2.2 Bloomfield and behaviorism30

2.2.3 Bloomfield and his Language33

2.2.4 Structuralism and language teaching37

2.3 Conclusion38

Part Ⅱ Functionalism40

Chapter 3 The Prague School40

3.1 Historical background41

3.2 Theories of language42

3.3 Phonology and phonological opposition46

3.4 Distinctive Features49

3.5 Functional Sentence Perspective（FSP）51

Chapter 4 The London School58

4.1 Malinowski's theories58

4.2 Firth's theories60

4.3 Halliday and Systemic-Functional Grammar62

4.3.1 Halliday's philosophy of language63

4.3.2 Systemic grammar65

4.3.3 Functional grammar68

4.3.4 Halliday and sociolinguistics74

Part Ⅲ Generativism83

Chapter 5 Transformational-Generative Grammar83

5.1 Chomsky's philosophy of language83

5.1.1 Background83

5.1.2 What is language？85

5.1.3 The Innateness Hypothesis86

5.1.4 Universal grammar and particular grammar87

5.1.5 What is a generative grammar？88

5.2 Stages of development of TG Grammar89

5.2.1 The Classical Theory89

5.2.2 The Standard Theory92

5.2.3 The Extended Standard Theory94

5.2.4 Later Theories96

5.3 A comparison between TG Grammar and structural grammar97

Part Ⅳ Cognitivism102

Cahpter 6 Metaphor and Metonymy102

6.1 Metaphor102

6.1.1 Metaphor in cognitive linguistics103

6.1.2 Features of metaphor107

6.1.3 The experiential basis of metaphor111

6.2 Metonymy112

6.3 Metaphor metonymy interaction118

Chapter 7 Image Schema and Polysemy120

7.1 Image schema120

7.1.1 Containment schema121

7.1.2 Path schema123

7.1.3 Force schema124

7.2 Polysemy126

7.2.1 Prepositions127

7.2.2 Modal verbs130

Chapter 8 Categorization and Idealized Cognitive Models133

8.1 Categorization133

8.1.1 The classical theory133

8.1.2 The prototype theory136

8.1.3 Levels of categorization139

8.2 Idealized cognitive models139

8.2.1 Characteristics of ICMs140

8.2.2 Typicality effects from ICMs141

Chapter 9 Iconicity150

9.1 Iconicity of order151

9.1.1 Temporal order151

9.1.2 Spatial order152

9.1.3 Culture-motivated order155

9.1.4 Word order related to asymmetry in cognition156

9.2 Iconicity of distance157

9.2.1 Causation157

9.2.2 Coordination158

9.2.3 Possession159

9.2.4 Negation159

9.2.5 Internal structure of word160

9.2.6 Multi-modifier construction160

9.2.7 Attributive clause161

9.2.8 Subjunctive mood162

9.3 Iconicity of quantity162

9.3.1 Word form163

9.3.2 Emphatic sentence163

9.3.3 Exclamatory sentence164

9.3.4 Sentence of politeness164

9.3.5 Other structures165

9.4 Philosophical interpretation of iconicity166

9.5 Iconicity and other competing principles168

9.5.1 Iconicity and economy168

9.5.2 Iconicity and pragmatic principles169

9.5.3 Iconicity and abstract syntactic conventions170

Chapter 10 Conceptual Blending172

10.1 The origins of Blending Theory173

10.2 Towards a theory of conceptual integration174

10.3 The nature of blending179

10.3.1 The elements of conceptual blending179

10.3.2 Further linguistic examples181

10.3.3 Non-linguistic examples183

10.4 Contrasting Blending Theory with Conceptual Metaphor Theory184

Bibliography187